Thor: The Dark World

presentation last slide

My advertising banner

magazine poster

Twitter Page

Viral Campaigning

Film Advert-

Act Like A Lady Think Like A Man Poster

Production, distribution, marketing and exhibition

Production
-the action of making or manufacturing

In a film, production consists of 4 stages; development, pre production, production and post-production.


The first stage in production is development; in this stage the producer has to get a story, whether from a film, book or own ideas, and then the producers conclude onto which theme is right for them, afterwards they asks upon a writer to come up with a synopsis. The next step is to produce a step outline which shows details of every scene briefly of the screenplays story. A screenwriter then writes a screenplay, which is like a script. After this, the producer and screenwriter partner-up to form a film pitch and they present it to financiers who, if they give it the green light, will financially support the film.

The next stage is where the film is planned out carefully. this stage is where the production company and office is established. A production company is created and a production budget is drawn up to plan expenditures for the film. The producer hires a crew.  A typical crew includes a director; assistant director; casting director; location manager; production manager; director of photography; director of audiography; production sound mixer; sound designer; composer; production designer; art director; costume designer; make up and hair designer; storyboard artist; choreographer; and other supporting. this stage is called pre-production.

Once the concept and script is finalized and the casting and the scheduling is completed the next move is the most important part of the whole project, the actual shoot. Depending on the complexity of the production this can take from 1 day to a few weeks of principle photography. 

The final stage is post production where editing, sound design and colour  grading is added onto the film clips.

Distribution

Distribution is where films are released to the audience; in cinemas, dvd's and even the internet. 

Marketing 

There are various ways films can market their films 

• Trailers
• Tv
• Radio 
• Posters

Exhibition 

There are two types of cinemas where films are shown.

• national chain 
• independent exhibitions 

National chains are mainly based in city centres and is a blockbuster film and is targets more of a variety of audience. 

 Independent exhibitions tend to be shown in the country side which is aimed at a specific audience.

Production, distribution, marketing and exhibition

Pre-production
Pre-production is the initial stage in making any film. Within it the film is planned and designed. The film is envisaged by the director and the storyboard is created. In addition to this, various roles are assigned such as: director, assistant director, composer, location manager, ect. Each of these will be responsible for the eventual production of the film.

Production
Production is when the film begins to be created and shot. No more crew will be recruited at this stage, as everyone will have been assigned a role in the stage prior to it. In this stage, the crew will set up the locations with aspects such as lighting and props so that they can commence filming. These settings vary from film to film. For example: many modern films will employ aspects like green screen, which may not require the crew to travel to get their required shots. However, other films may require the crew to travel to places such as parks or different countries.

Post-production
Post-production is the penultimate stage of production, whereby the film is assembled by the editor. The  material is edited via computer, which includes features such as: sound and visual editing. And when the director is happy the film will be finished and the crew can move onto the next stage.



Distribution
Distribution is the stage when the film is released in cinemas or consumer media such as: DVD, VHS and Blu-ray. The film is duplicated and distributed to outlets like cinemas and exhibition. And is advertised via: posters, television and radio in attempt to gain popularity. In addition to this, launch parties, press releases and interviews with the press occur. These all contribute to accumulate attention from potential consumers.


Marketing and exhibition
Marketing and exhibition combine to acquire attention for the film. Marketing advertises the film from a mainstream lucrative perspective. This is achieved via: bus ads, television trailers and  the internet. For instance, many film advertisements can often be seen on websites like youtube as it is a popular website. And in exhibition, the audience actually see the film. This can be executed in various ways. The film value chain is a good representative of this. Within it, methods like theatrical launch, non-theactrical launch, home entertainment and licensed merchandising can all be utilised.

PDE-

Production

In production, the video production/film is created and shot. More crew will be recruited at this stage, such as the property master, script supervisor, assistant directors, stills photographer, picture editor, and sound editors. These are just the most common roles in filmmaking; the production office will be free to create any unique blend of roles to suit the various responsibilities possible during the production of a film.

A typical day's shooting begins with the crew arriving on the set/location by their call time. Actors usually have their own separate call times. Since set construction, dressing and lighting can take many hours or even days, they are often set up in advance.
The grip, electric and production design crews are typically a step ahead of the camera and sound departments: for efficiency's sake, while a scene is being filmed, they are already preparing the next one.

While the crew prepare their equipment, the actors are wardrobed in their costumes and attend the hair and make-up departments. The actors rehearse the script and blocking with the director, and the camera and sound crews rehearse with them and make final tweaks. Finally, the action is shot in as many takes as the director wishes. Most American productions follow a specific procedure:

The assistant director calls "picture is up!" to inform everyone that a take is about to be recorded, and then "quiet, everyone!" Once everyone is ready to shoot, the AD calls "roll sound" (if the take involves sound), and the production sound mixer will start their equipment, record a verbal slate of the take's information, and announce "sound speed", or just "speed" when they are ready. The AD follows with "roll camera", answered by "speed!" by the camera operator once the camera is recording. The clapper, who is already in front of the camera with the clapperboard, calls "marker!" and slaps it shut. If the take involves extras or background action, the AD will cue them ("action background!"), and last is the director, telling the actors "action!". The AD may echo "action" louder on large sets.

A take is over when the director calls "cut!", and camera and sound stop recording. The script supervisor will note any continuity issues and the sound and camera teams log technical notes for the take on their respective report sheets. If the director decides additional takes are required, the whole process repeats. Once satisfied, the crew moves on to the next camera angle or "setup," until the whole scene is "covered." When shooting is finished for the scene, the assistant director declares a "wrap" or "moving on," and the crew will "strike," or dismantle, the set for that scene.

At the end of the day, the director approves the next day's shooting schedule and a daily progress report is sent to the production office. This includes the report sheets from continuity, sound, and camera teams. Call sheets are distributed to the cast and crew to tell them when and where to turn up the next shooting day. Later on, the director, producer, other department heads, and, sometimes, the cast, may gather to watch that day or yesterday's footage, called dailies, and review their work.

With workdays often lasting 14 or 18 hours in remote locations, film production tends to create a team spirit. When the entire film is in the can, or in the completion of the production phase, it is customary for the production office to arrange a wrap party, to thank all the cast and crew for their efforts.

Distribution

This is the final stage, where the film is released for viewing. The film is duplicated as required and distributed to cinemas for exhibition (screening). Press kits, posters, and other advertising materials are published and the film is advertised and promoted.

Film distributors usually release a film with a launch party, press releases, interviews with the press, press preview screenings, and film festival screenings. Most films have a website. The film plays at selected cinemas and the DVD typically is released a few months later. The distribution rights for the film and DVD are also usually sold for worldwide distribution. The distributor and the production company share profits.

Marketing

Marketing is concerned with promoting the film. While a strong marketing strategy is essential in attracting significant numbers of people to view it, there is also a great deal of marketing nous in driving the film through its lengthy gestation process.

The majority of work done by a marketing department takes place from post-production and beyond as the film races towards its release. A consideration for the marketing, however, can be applied effectively at almost any point in a film’s creation. Interest in a project can be exploited from its inception and paying attention to marketing early can reap rewards later.

Film-makers also have to market themselves and their film in order to push a film through the many steps towards a theatrical release – the Producer must persuade investors why they should hand over their money for example.

Those working in the marketing department oversee all material and communications targeting the audience. This includes the ‘stills’ (pictures taken, usually during production, of the actors and crew to stimulate interest in the project); poster campaign; new media publicity; print and radio advertising; and involvement with creating the trailers for the film.

Exhibition

Exhibitors are the companies that house the films. These are companies such as Cineworld, art houses such as Cambridge picture house, Odeon and empire. Art houses are usually distributed inside towns and cities in smaller more ‘cultured’ areas. Larger companies such as Cineworld are found on industrial areas and usually grouped with fast food restaurants. They are more commercial and usually charge a lot more for tickets. At the Cambridge picture house u can be expected to pay £5.20 but at a more commercial screening you can pay anything between £6.00 and £6.50. The films shown differ as well, not only are new releases shown in an art house theatre but also foreign language films, or films from amateur film makers. The experience is also greatly different. In a commercial Cineworld there is commercial food and drink on offer. Whereas at the art house, you will find a small food and drinks area. The screening area is smaller and more intimate rather than the cooped up seating arrangements of an Odeon.

Production, Distribution, Marketing and Exhibition.

Production

Production is the action of making or manufacturing. In terms of film, Production consist of four key stages: Development, pre-production, production and post-production.

Development is the first stage in production and in this stage the producer has to get a story, whether from a book, film or themselves, and then when the producers have decided what theme to chose, they go to the writers to come up with a synopsis. They then produce a step outline, which briefly details every scene of the screenplay's story. A screenwriter then writes a screenplay, which is like a script. After this, the producer and screenwriter come together to form a film pitch and they present it to financiers who, if they give it the green light, will financially support the film.

The next stage is Pre-production. In this stage a production budget may be drawn up but most importantly every step of making the film has to be analysed and perfect. With the aid of artists and illustrators, the film may get storyboarded. The producer may then higher a crew and each individual crew member is needed for a specific job.

Once pre-production is complete the film can now be created and shot. This is like the main part of producing a film. Before this though, the scene has to be set, meaning that the mise en scene is ready.  After this the director can now start setting up the film to their satisfaction.

Post production is the final stage when everything gets edited and key elements such as sound and special effects can be added.

Distribution 

This is when the films are released to the public, in places such as cinemas, the internet and even on DVD's. Film distributors may decide to release on a specific day. There is a release system called the release windows system. This ensures that movies aren't competing with each other so that everyone can  take advantage of the market.

Marketing

High financed films are marketed very carefully in order to increase the box office success.

This would consist of posters on the street, trailers as advertisements,  internet advertisements and radio advertisements. Another key way of marketing a film is by targeting a specific audience. For example PG animation films tend to have toys of their characters in happy films which attracts more people from that specific audience.

Exhibition

There are two types of cinemas where films are shown. National chains and independent exhibitions. National chains are mainly based in city centres and will target a large number of people so this is why mainly blockbuster films are shown here. Independent exhibitions tend to be shown in the country side,  in art houses. This is aimed at a specific market as it is considered serious artistic work and often experimental. Not designed for mass audience.

Production, Distribution, Marketing, Exhibition

Production

Production of a film is done in 4 stages: Development, pre-production, production and post-production.

Development: at this stage the producer selects a story from their own original idea, another film, true story, or a book. Once the producer has selected the theme they would like to present, they then work with the writers to make a synopsis. After they've done that they write a step outline which break down every single thing, sometimes it has dialogue but its mainly drawing to visualize what the producer wants to achieve. 

Next the screenwriter writes a screenplay which they write and rewrite until its dramatic and have a clear structure. Once all that is completed the producer and screenwriter makes a film pitch which they they present to financiers, if they get the green light it means they have the go ahead to continue with the film as they have the finical support. 

Pre-production: this is the stage where the film is planned out carefully. At this stage the production company and office is established. The producer then hires a crew (decides how big or small the crew is) and decides on a budget for the film and insurance just in-case there's an accident. In the crew that the producer creates, there are many roles such as: director, assistant director, director of photography and audiography, composer and choreographer. 

Production: this is when filming begins. but before filming begins set construction, lighting and dressing is set up several days before hand for efficiency. On the day and just before filming starts the assistant director says several things before the camera starts recording: "picture is up", "quiet everyone", "roll sound", "roll speed", "roll sound" etc and then finally the director will say action. The director has the power to do as many takes as they want until they feel that everything is covered and then they would move onto the next scene. 

Post-production: this is the final stage of production where everything is edited. Music, dialogue, is also added for effect as well as computer graphics are digitally added.

Distribution 

Films can be distributed to: the cinema, home entertainment (video or DVD), TV and digital distribution (streaming). This can be done in many ways: standard, simultaneous, straight-o-video and internet release.

Standard release: at standard release the film gets released to the cinema then to DVD/video next to pay on demand for example Lovefilms.com and then TV after two years.

Simultaneous release: this is when the film is distributed on all times of medium at the same time.

Straight-to-video release: this type of distribution is when the film is released to dvd/video without going on the big screen. 

Marketing

Films makers market their film in many ways and in many places.

Cinemas: trailers before the film, posters, slide shows, promotional toys (if it’s a children’s animation)

TV, radio, internet, newspapers: printed adverts, extended trailers on leading talk shows, reviews, pop ups etc.

 Exhibition

Cinemas fall into 1 of 2 categories: national chains; and independent exhibitors. The specific programming will depend on the target audience, with large chains often filling their multiplexes with blockbuster fare and individual independents more likely to cater to art-house crowds.A natural entry route to exhibition is to work in a cinema. Chains employ significant numbers of people to handle ticketing, confectionery sales (where cinemas tend to make the bulk of their profits), and film projection. Those working for independent exhibitors may be more involved in its programming as the cinema establishes a distinct identity for itself.